Whether you’re new to construction or simply want a clearer understanding of structural steel terminology, this guide has steelwork terms explained in plain English. 

Understanding steelwork terms means you can read a specification, hold a conversation with your engineer and make more confident decisions at every stage of your build.

What Are Universal Beams and Universal Columns?

Universal beams are one of the most frequently referenced sections in any structural steel glossary. Sometimes referred to as I-beams or Rolled Steel Joists (RSJs), they are called this due to their distinctive I shaped cross-section. They are a frequent choice for horizontal members as they are highly resistant to bending due to their shape. 

Universal columns have a very similar appearance to universal beams however they have a nearly square cross-section which makes them more solid and symmetrical. Usually, if you have a universal beam across a space there will be a universal column under it. These are designed to hold compressive loads vertically from the beams to foundation. 

What Are Parallel Flange Channels Used For?

These are C-shaped sections that are open on one face. They have a flat outer profile which makes them perfect for situations that require steel to sit flush against a wall or different structural element. 

These are often used as a secondary support member, stair stringer or perimeter edge beam. They are suitable for anywhere where a clean,flat face on the exposed side is necessary. 

What Are Hollow Structural Sections?

HSS’s are closed, tubular steel profiles. Due to their enclosed form they offer great resistance to torsion and are efficient under compression, even with multi-directional loading. 

You will often find HSS’s used for columns, bracing, portal frames or architecturally exposed features. They are perfect for situations where performance and appearance is important. 

They are available in three profiles. 

  • Square Hollow Sections (SHS) – equal width and height with consistent performance in all directions. Perfect for columns and feature frames. 
  • Rectangular Hollow Sections (RHS) – a wider or taller profile, suited to situations where load is mainly in one direction.
  • Circular Hollow Sections (CHS) – round tubes with consistent strength in all directions. Suited to bracing members and exposed structural applications. 

What Are Rolled Steel Angles?

RSA’s are L-shapes sections, they have two legs which meet at a right angle. While they are a pretty simple design they are extremely versatile and are featured on steel-framed buildings for bracing details, edge trims, gusset connections and anywhere where two structural elements are required to meet at 90 degrees. These play a vital role in secondary steelwork and connection details. 

What Is the Difference Between S275 and S355 Steel?

In the UK and Europe, steel grades are designated under the EN 10025 standard. The ‘S’ stands for steel and the number indicates the material’s minimal yield strength in megapascals (MPa). Basically, how much stress the steel can withstand before it deforms permanently. 

S275 is adaptable and cost effective. It offers a minimum yield strength of 275 MPa. perfect for lighter structures and low-to-medium load applications such as smaller frames, mezzanine floors and agricultural buildings with small structural demands. 

S355 is the most widely-specified grade throughout large-scale UK construction. It offers a higher yield strength, due to its 355 MPa, allowing engineers to achieve the same structural performance with less material. Creating lighter, more economical frames without compromising integrity. This makes S355 the default choice for commercial and industrial structures. 

Your structural engineer will use load calculations, span lengths and project economics to work out which grade is necessary for your building. Often, using S355 instead of S275 allows for smaller sections or fewer of them, meaning reduced material and erection costs on large jobs. 

Start Your Steel Project with Gorton Structures

By understanding structural steel terminology you are in a much stronger position when working with engineers, contractors and fabricators. At Gorton Structures, we design, fabricate and install bespoke steel-framed buildings and structures throughout the UK. We will support you through the specification process from the beginning.


Get in touch with us today to discuss your structural steel requirements and find the right solution for your project.